Layer 1 - Copper

Copper cables carry very low voltage electric signels Back in the day, copper was the medium initally used to cross the counrty back in the days of CW, and Telegrams. With the Advent of the Telephone this copper need to handel more bandwidth and longer distances “twisted pair” copper wires were used for telephone wires. These twised pair wires have evoled over time to bring us to todays CAT6a 10 Gig Copper cabling.

Twisted Pair Cables are divided into differnt “Cateorgies” or CAT. Over time the Cateorgies have increased can so have the bandwidth of of the copper cables

Insert Table of CAT Cables CAT3,4, CAT5 vs CAT5e CAT6 us CAT6a CAT7

UTP STP

Pinouts

TwinAxel Cables

Coaxial

• TV
• Internet
• Antena

Coaxial Connectors

• BNC
• XX
• Type-N

CAT Copper Connectors

• RJ45
• RJ43
• Connected SFP, TwinAx